【Python3】pymysql模块
1. 什么是 PyMySQL?
PyMySQL 是在 Python3.x 版本中用于连接 MySQL 服务器的一个库,Python2中则使用mysqldb。
PyMySQL 遵循 Python 数据库 API v2.0 规范,并包含了 pure-Python MySQL 客户端库。
2. PyMySQL 安装
pip3 install PyMySQL
3. 使用操作
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import pymysql # 创建连接conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1')# 创建游标cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行SQL,并返回收影响行数effect_row = cursor.execute("update hosts set host = '1.1.1.2'") # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数#effect_row = cursor.execute("update hosts set host = '1.1.1.2' where nid > %s", (1,)) # 执行SQL,并返回受影响行数#effect_row = cursor.executemany("insert into hosts(host,color_id)values(%s,%s)", [("1.1.1.11",1),("1.1.1.11",2)]) # 提交,不然无法保存新建或者修改的数据conn.commit() # 关闭游标cursor.close()# 关闭连接conn.close()
注:当使用字符串格式化时容易引起sql注入
sql = 'select * from userinfo where username="%s" and password="%s" ' %(user,pwd,) #不推荐使用
sql = 'select * from userinfo where username=%s and password=%s',[user,pwd] #推荐使用,mysql会自动格式化,避免SQL注入
import pymysqluser = input('请输入用户名:')pwd = input('请输入密码:')# 获取数据conn = pymysql.Connect(host='192.168.12.89',port=3306,user='root',password="123",database="s17day11db",charset='utf8')cursor = conn.cursor()v = cursor.execute('select * from userinfo where username=%s and password=%s',[user,pwd])result = cursor.fetchone()cursor.close()conn.close()print(result)
获取新创建数据自增ID
new_class_id = cursor.lastrowid # 获取新增数据自增ID复制代码import pymysql# 获取数据conn = pymysql.Connect(host='192.168.12.89',port=3306,user='root',password="123",database="s17day11db",charset='utf8')cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute('insert into class(caption) values(%s)',['新班级'])conn.commit()new_class_id = cursor.lastrowid # 获取新增数据自增IDcursor.execute('insert into student(sname,gender,class_id) values(%s,%s,%s)',['李杰','男',new_class_id])conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
查询语句
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1')cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute("select * from hosts") # 获取第一行数据row_1 = cursor.fetchone() # 获取前n行数据# row_2 = cursor.fetchmany(3)# 获取所有数据# row_3 = cursor.fetchall() conn.commit()cursor.close()conn.close()
注:
在fetch数据时按照顺序进行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)来移动游标位置,如:cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相对当前位置移动
cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相对绝对位置移动
更改fetch数据类型
默认获取的数据是元祖类型,如果想要或者字典类型的数据
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import pymysql conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1') # 游标设置为字典类型cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)v = cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM score')result = cursor.fetchall()# result = cursor.fetchone()# result = cursor.fetchmany()print(result)cursor.close()conn.close()